{"id":257,"date":"2026-07-17T15:43:46","date_gmt":"2026-07-17T07:43:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/ssjava.xyz\/?p=257"},"modified":"2026-07-17T11:21:10","modified_gmt":"2026-07-17T03:21:10","slug":"15-%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e9%87%8d%e5%86%99%ef%bc%88override%ef%bc%89%e4%b8%8e-final-%e5%85%b3%e9%94%ae%e5%ad%97","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ssjava.xyz\/index.php\/2026\/07\/17\/15-%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%95%e9%87%8d%e5%86%99%ef%bc%88override%ef%bc%89%e4%b8%8e-final-%e5%85%b3%e9%94%ae%e5%ad%97\/","title":{"rendered":"15. \u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\uff08Override\uff09\u4e0e final \u5173\u952e\u5b57"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u4e86 super<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u548c\u6784\u9020\u5668\u94fe\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\u4e86 @Override<\/code> \u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u3002\u6ca1\u9519\uff0c\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\uff08Method Override\uff09\u662f\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u673a\u5236\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7b2c\u4e09\u5927\u7279\u5f81\u2014\u2014\u591a\u6001\uff08Polymorphism\uff09<\/strong>\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u6211\u4eec\u5c31\u6765\u7cfb\u7edf\u5730\u8bb2\u6e05\u695a\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\uff0c\u5b83\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u8f7d\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u533a\u522b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca final<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5728\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u4ec0\u4e48\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\uff08Override\uff09\uff1f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5b50\u7c7b\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49<\/strong>\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2d\u5df2\u6709\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u65b9\u6cd5\u540d\u3001\u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\u3001\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0e\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u6216\u7b26\u5408\u534f\u53d8\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u89c4\u5219\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f53\u7531\u5b50\u7c7b\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

class Animal {\n    public void sound() {\n        System.out.println(\"\u52a8\u7269\u53d1\u51fa\u58f0\u97f3\");\n    }\n}\n\nclass Dog extends Animal {\n    @Override\n    public void sound() {\n        System.out.println(\"\u6c6a\u6c6a\uff01\");\n    }\n}\n\nclass Cat extends Animal {\n    @Override\n    public void sound() {\n        System.out.println(\"\u55b5\u55b5\uff5e\");\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u5f88\u5178\u578b\u2014\u2014\u52a8\u7269\u90fd\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u58f0\u97f3\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u540c\u52a8\u7269\u7684\u58f0\u97f3\u5404\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u5b50\u7c7b\u901a\u8fc7\u91cd\u5199 sound()<\/code> \u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u7ed9\u51fa\u4e86\u5404\u81ea\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u4e8c\u3001@Override \u6ce8\u89e3\u7684\u4f5c\u7528<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
@Override<\/code> \u662f Java \u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u6ce8\u89e3\uff08Annotation\uff09\uff0c\u5199\u5728\u5b50\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u544a\u8bc9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u8fd9\u662f\u5728\u91cd\u5199\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\u3002\u6765\u770b\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \n
  • \u7f16\u8bd1\u68c0\u67e5<\/strong>\uff1a\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5199\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b7e\u540d\u548c\u7236\u7c7b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u53c2\u6570\u7c7b\u578b\u5199\u9519\u4e86\uff09\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u300c\u4f60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u91cd\u5199\u4e86\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u662f\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u300d\u7684\u5c34\u5c2c\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  • \u53ef\u8bfb\u6027<\/strong>\uff1a\u770b\u5230 @Override<\/code>\uff0c\u8bfb\u8005\u7acb\u523b\u77e5\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u91cd\u5199\u7236\u7c7b\u903b\u8f91\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
    class Animal {\n    public void sound() {}\n}\n\nclass Dog extends Animal {\n    @Override\n    public void sound() {} \/\/ \u2705 \u6b63\u786e\u91cd\u5199\n\n    \/\/ @Override\n    \/\/ public void sound(int volume) {} \/\/ \u274c \u5982\u679c\u53bb\u6389\u6ce8\u91ca\u4f1a\u62a5\u9519\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u5199\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \n
    \u6700\u4f73\u5b9e\u8df5:<\/strong>\u51e1\u662f\u6253\u7b97\u91cd\u5199\u7236\u7c7b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u5b9a\u52a0\u4e0a@Override\u3002\u4e0d\u52a0\u4e5f\u80fd\u91cd\u5199\uff0c\u4f46\u52a0\u4e86\u80fd\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5e2e\u4f60\u68c0\u67e5\u7b7e\u540d\u662f\u5426\u6b63
    \u786e\u3002\u8fd9\u4e60\u60ef\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u5f88\u591a\u624b\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e09\u3001\u91cd\u5199 vs \u91cd\u8f7d\uff08Override vs Overload\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd9\u662f Java \u65b0\u624b\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u6df7\u6dc6\u7684\u4e00\u5bf9\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6765\u4e00\u5f20\u5bf9\u6bd4\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u5bf9\u6bd4\u7ef4\u5ea6<\/th>\u91cd\u5199\uff08Override\uff09<\/th>\u91cd\u8f7d\uff08Overload\uff09<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
    \u53d1\u751f\u4f4d\u7f6e<\/td>\u7236\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e4b\u95f4<\/td>\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u4e2d<\/td><\/tr>
    \u65b9\u6cd5\u7b7e\u540d<\/td>\u5fc5\u987b\u76f8\u540c<\/td>\u5fc5\u987b\u4e0d\u540c\uff08\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
    \u8fd4\u56de\u503c<\/td>\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u534f\u53d8\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b<\/td>\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c<\/td><\/tr>
    \u8bbf\u95ee\u4fee\u9970\u7b26<\/td>\u4e0d\u80fd\u6bd4\u7236\u7c7b\u66f4\u4e25\u683c<\/td>\u65e0\u9650\u5236<\/td><\/tr>
    \u629b\u51fa\u5f02\u5e38<\/td>\u4e0d\u80fd\u6bd4\u7236\u7c7b\u629b\u51fa\u66f4\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u5f02\u5e38<\/td>\u65e0\u9650\u5236<\/td><\/tr>
    \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u884c\u4e3a<\/td>\u52a8\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff08\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c03\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09<\/td>\u9759\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff08\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u51b3\u5b9a\uff09<\/td><\/tr>
    \u5173\u952e\u5b57<\/td>@Override<\/code><\/td>\u65e0<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e00\u53e5\u8bdd\u533a\u5206\uff1a\u91cd\u5199\u770b\u300c\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b7e\u540d\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u300d\uff0c\u91cd\u8f7d\u770b\u300c\u540c\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u5b57\u4f46\u53c2\u6570\u4e0d\u540c\u300d<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u56db\u3001\u91cd\u5199\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u8be6\u89e3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    Java \u5bf9\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4e25\u683c\u7ea6\u675f\uff0c\u8e29\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4e2a\u90fd\u4f1a\u5bfc\u81f4\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u89c4\u5219\u4e00\uff1a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b7e\u540d\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u81f4<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u65b9\u6cd5\u540d + \u53c2\u6570\u5217\u8868\uff08\u7c7b\u578b\u3001\u6570\u91cf\u3001\u987a\u5e8f\uff09\u5fc5\u987b\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u8fd4\u56de\u503c\u7c7b\u578b\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u534f\u53d8\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\uff08covariant return type\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    class Parent {\n    public Number getValue() {\n        return 42;\n    }\n}\n\nclass Child extends Parent {\n    @Override\n    public Integer getValue() { \/\/ Integer \u662f Number \u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\uff0c\u5408\u6cd5\n        return 100;\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u534f\u53d8\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u2014\u2014Java 5 \u5f00\u59cb\u652f\u6301\uff0c\u91cd\u5199\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8fd4\u56de\u7236\u7c7b\u8fd4\u56de\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u5b50\u7c7b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u89c4\u5219\u4e8c\uff1a\u8bbf\u95ee\u6743\u9650\u4e0d\u80fd\u66f4\u4e25\u683c<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u6301\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u653e\u5bbd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u80fd\u6536\u7d27\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    class Parent {\n    protected void method() {}\n}\n\nclass Child extends Parent {\n    @Override\n    protected void method() {} \/\/ \u2705 \u76f8\u540c\n\n    @Override\n    public void method() {}    \/\/ \u2705 \u653e\u5bbd\uff08protected \u2192 public\uff09\n\n    \/\/ @Override\n    \/\/ private void method() {} \/\/ \u274c \u66f4\u4e25\u683c\uff08protected \u2192 private\uff09\uff0c\u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u89c4\u5219\u4e09\uff1a\u4e0d\u80fd\u629b\u51fa\u66f4\u5bbd\u6cdb\u7684\u5f02\u5e38<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u8981\u4e48\u4e0d\u629b\uff0c\u8981\u4e48\u629b\u51fa\u76f8\u540c\u6216\u66f4\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    import java.io.IOException;\nimport java.sql.SQLException;\n\nclass Parent {\n    public void doSomething() throws IOException {}\n}\n\nclass Child extends Parent {\n    @Override\n    public void doSomething() throws IOException {}      \/\/ \u2705 \u76f8\u540c\n\n    @Override\n    public void doSomething() {}                          \/\/ \u2705 \u4e0d\u629b\n\n    \/\/ @Override\n    \/\/ public void doSomething() throws Exception {}     \/\/ \u274c Exception \u6bd4 IOException \u66f4\u5bbd\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u89c4\u5219\u56db\uff1astatic \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u91cd\u5199<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7c7b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u5b9e\u4f8b\u3002\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u540d\u7684\u9759\u6001\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u53eb\u9690\u85cf\uff08hide\uff09<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u5199\u3002\u5b83\u5728\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u5c31\u5df2\u7ecf\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u8c03\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u7248\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    class Parent {\n    public static void greet() {\n        System.out.println(\"Parent \u6253\u62db\u547c\");\n    }\n}\n\nclass Child extends Parent {\n    public static void greet() { \/\/ \u8fd9\u662f\u9690\u85cf\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u5199\n        System.out.println(\"Child \u6253\u62db\u547c\");\n    }\n}\n\npublic class Main {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        Parent p = new Child();\n        p.greet(); \/\/ \u8f93\u51fa\uff1aParent \u6253\u62db\u547c\uff08\u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff09\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
    \u89c4\u5219\u4e94\uff1aprivate \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u91cd\u5199<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    private \u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u7236\u7c7b\u79c1\u6709\u7684\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e0d\u53ef\u89c1\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u65e0\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\u3002\u5b50\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u540c\u540d\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u89c4\u5219\u516d\uff1a\u6784\u9020\u5668\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u91cd\u5199<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
    \u6784\u9020\u5668\u4e0d\u662f\u666e\u901a\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u91cd\u5199\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u4e94\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a\uff08Dynamic Binding\uff09<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
    \u91cd\u5199\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u5e95\u5c42\u4f9d\u8d56 Java \u7684\u52a8\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a<\/strong>\u673a\u5236\uff08\u4e5f\u53eb\u540e\u671f\u7ed1\u5b9a\u3001\u8fd0\u884c\u65f6\u591a\u6001\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
    \u7b80\u5355\u7406\u89e3\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \n
    • \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6<\/strong>\uff1a\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u7684\u58f0\u660e\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\uff08\u6bd4\u5982 Animal a = new Dog()<\/code> \u4e2d\u7684 Animal<\/code>\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u53ea\u68c0\u67e5\u58f0\u660e\u7c7b\u578b\u4e2d\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
    • \u8fd0\u884c\u65f6<\/strong>\uff1aJVM \u6839\u636e\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u5b9e\u9645\u7c7b\u578b<\/strong>\uff08Dog<\/code>\uff09\u6765\u51b3\u5b9a\u8c03\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
      Animal a = new Dog();\na.sound(); \/\/ \u7f16\u8bd1\u65f6\u770b Animal \u6709 sound()\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u8c03\u7528 Dog \u7684 sound()<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u5411\u4e0a\u8f6c\u578b\uff08Upcasting\uff09<\/strong>\u4e0e\u591a\u6001\u7684\u7ecf\u5178\u642d\u914d\u3002\u7236\u7c7b\u5f15\u7528\u6307\u5411\u5b50\u7c7b\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u8c03\u7528\u7684\u5374\u662f\u5b50\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199\u540e\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7279\u6027\u662f Java \u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7684\u7075\u9b42\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      \u516d\u3001final \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u4e0e\u7ee7\u627f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n
      final<\/code> \u5728 Python \/ JavaScript \u7b49\u8bed\u8a00\u4e2d\u6ca1\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\uff0c\u4f46\u5728 Java \u91cc\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4fee\u9970\u7b26\uff0c\u7528\u6765\u963b\u6b62\u6539\u53d8<\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u7ee7\u627f\u7684\u4e0a\u4e0b\u6587\u4e2d\uff0cfinal \u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u4f5c\u7528\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      1. final \u7c7b\uff1a\u7981\u6b62\u7ee7\u627f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \u4e00\u4e2a\u7c7b\u7528 final<\/code> \u4fee\u9970\u540e\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u88ab\u4efb\u4f55\u7c7b\u7ee7\u627f<\/strong>\u3002Java \u6807\u51c6\u5e93\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5178\u578b\u7684 final \u7c7b\uff1aString<\/code>\u3001Integer<\/code>\u3001Math<\/code> \u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      public final class String {\n    \/\/ ...\n}\n\n\/\/ class MyString extends String {} \/\/ \u274c \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\uff0cString \u662f final \u7684<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48 String \u662f final \u7684\uff1f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5982\u679c String \u80fd\u88ab\u7ee7\u627f\uff0c\u4f60\u4f20\u4e00\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b String \u5bf9\u8c61\u5230\u5404\u79cd\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cc\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u7be1\u6539\uff0c\u7834\u574f\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u2014\u2014\u8fd9\u6b63\u662f final \u7c7b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u4e49\uff1a\u786e\u4fdd\u7c7b\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u4e0d\u53ef\u7be1\u6539<\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      2. final \u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u7981\u6b62\u91cd\u5199<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \u5b50\u7c7b\u4e0d\u80fd\u91cd\u5199\u7236\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684 final \u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\uff1a\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5fc5\u987b\u56fa\u5b9a\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u5b50\u7c7b\u4fee\u6539\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      class Parent {\n    public final void templateMethod() {\n        step1();\n        step2();\n    }\n\n    protected void step1() { \/* \u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u91cd\u5199 *\/ }\n    protected void step2() { \/* \u5b50\u7c7b\u53ef\u91cd\u5199 *\/ }\n}\n\nclass Child extends Parent {\n    \/\/ @Override\n    \/\/ public void templateMethod() {} \/\/ \u274c \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\uff0cfinal \u65b9\u6cd5\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u5199\n\n    @Override\n    protected void step1() { \/* \u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u5199\u975e final \u90e8\u5206 *\/ }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Template Method Pattern\uff09<\/strong>\u7684\u96cf\u5f62\u2014\u2014\u7236\u7c7b\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e86\u7b97\u6cd5\u9aa8\u67b6\uff08final\uff09\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u53ea\u80fd\u5b9a\u5236\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u6b65\u9aa4\uff08\u975e final\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      3. final \u53d8\u91cf\uff1a\u5e38\u91cf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
      \u88ab final<\/code> \u4fee\u9970\u7684\u53d8\u91cf\u4e00\u65e6\u8d4b\u503c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u518d\u6539\u53d8\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
      public class Constants {\n    public static final double PI = 3.1415926535; \/\/ \u7c7b\u5e38\u91cf\n    public final int MAX_SIZE = 100;               \/\/ \u5b9e\u4f8b\u5e38\u91cf\n}\n\npublic class Main {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        final int local = 42;\n        \/\/ local = 100; \/\/ \u274c \u7f16\u8bd1\u9519\u8bef\n\n        System.out.println(Constants.PI); \/\/ 3.1415926535\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
      \u51e0\u70b9\u6ce8\u610f\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \n
      • final \u5b9e\u4f8b\u53d8\u91cf\u5fc5\u987b\u5728\u58f0\u660e\u65f6<\/strong>\u3001\u6784\u9020\u5668\u4e2d<\/strong>\u6216\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u5757<\/strong>\u4e2d\u8d4b\u503c\uff0c\u4e14\u53ea\u80fd\u8d4b\u503c\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • final \u5f15\u7528\u53d8\u91cf\u4e0d\u80fd\u6307\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u5bf9\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u5bf9\u8c61\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u72b6\u6001\u53ef\u4ee5\u6539\u53d8\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n
      • static final<\/code> \u7ec4\u5408\u662f Java \u4e2d\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e38\u91cf\u7684\u6807\u51c6\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
        \u4e03\u3001\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u6218\uff1a\u5458\u5de5\u85aa\u8d44\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08\u7eed\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
        \u5ef6\u7eed\u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u7684\u5458\u5de5\u7ba1\u7406\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u52a0\u5165 final \u548c\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u5199\u89c4\u5219\u7684\u8fd0\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
        \/\/ \u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u5de5\u8d44\u8ba1\u7b97\u57fa\u7c7b\nabstract class BaseSalaryCalculator {\n    \/\/ \u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1a\u6700\u7ec8\u7684\u8ba1\u7b97\u6d41\u7a0b\uff0c\u5b50\u7c7b\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u5199\n    public final double calculate(Employee emp) {\n        double base = getBasePay(emp);\n        double bonus = getBonus(emp);\n        double tax = calculateTax(base + bonus);\n        return base + bonus - tax;\n    }\n\n    \/\/ \u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u6cd5\u7531\u5b50\u7c7b\u5b9a\u5236\n    protected abstract double getBasePay(Employee emp);\n    protected abstract double getBonus(Employee emp);\n\n    \/\/ \u7a0e\u7387\u56fa\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u91cd\u5199\n    private double calculateTax(double amount) {\n        return amount * 0.1; \/\/ 10% \u7b80\u5355\u7a0e\n    }\n}\n\n\/\/ \u666e\u901a\u5458\u5de5\u85aa\u8d44\u8ba1\u7b97\nclass RegularSalary extends BaseSalaryCalculator {\n    @Override\n    protected double getBasePay(Employee emp) {\n        return emp.getSalary();\n    }\n\n    @Override\n    protected double getBonus(Employee emp) {\n        return 1000; \/\/ \u56fa\u5b9a\u5956\u91d1\n    }\n}\n\n\/\/ \u7ecf\u7406\u85aa\u8d44\u8ba1\u7b97\nclass ManagerSalary extends BaseSalaryCalculator {\n    @Override\n    protected double getBasePay(Employee emp) {\n        return emp.getSalary();\n    }\n\n    @Override\n    protected double getBonus(Employee emp) {\n        return 5000; \/\/ \u7ecf\u7406\u56fa\u5b9a\u5956\u91d1\u66f4\u9ad8\n    }\n}\n\n\/\/ \u5458\u5de5\u7c7b\nclass Employee {\n    private String name;\n    private double salary;\n    private BaseSalaryCalculator calculator;\n\n    public static final double MIN_SALARY = 3000;\n\n    public Employee(String name, double salary, BaseSalaryCalculator calculator) {\n        this.name = name;\n        this.salary = Math.max(salary, MIN_SALARY);\n        this.calculator = calculator;\n    }\n\n    public final String getName() { \/\/ \u540d\u5b57\u4e0d\u5141\u8bb8\u4fee\u6539\n        return name;\n    }\n\n    public double getSalary() {\n        return salary;\n    }\n\n    public double getActualPay() {\n        return calculator.calculate(this);\n    }\n}\n\npublic class Main {\n    public static void main(String[] args) {\n        RegularSalary regularCalc = new RegularSalary();\n        ManagerSalary managerCalc = new ManagerSalary();\n\n        Employee emp1 = new Employee(\"\u5f20\u4e09\", 8000, regularCalc);\n        Employee emp2 = new Employee(\"\u674e\u56db\", 15000, managerCalc);\n\n        System.out.println(emp1.getName() + \" \u5b9e\u53d1\uff1a\" + emp1.getActualPay());\n        System.out.println(emp2.getName() + \" \u5b9e\u53d1\uff1a\" + emp2.getActualPay());\n        System.out.println(\"\u6700\u4f4e\u85aa\u8d44\u6807\u51c6\uff1a\" + Employee.MIN_SALARY);\n    }\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n
        \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\u7efc\u5408\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \n
        • final \u65b9\u6cd5<\/strong>\uff1acalculate()<\/code> \u548c getName()<\/code> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u6a21\u677f\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u53ea\u8bfb API\uff0c\u7981\u6b62\u5b50\u7c7b\u7be1\u6539<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • final \u53d8\u91cf<\/strong>\uff1aMIN_SALARY<\/code> \u4f5c\u4e3a\u5168\u5c40\u5e38\u91cf<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • \u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199<\/strong>\uff1a\u4e24\u4e2a\u5b50\u7c7b\u91cd\u5199 getBasePay()<\/code> \u548c getBonus()<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u5dee\u5f02\u5316<\/li>\n\n\n\n
        • @Override \u6ce8\u89e3<\/strong>\uff1a\u8ba9\u7f16\u8bd1\u5668\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u68c0\u67e5\u65b9\u6cd5\u7b7e\u540d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n
          const vs final\uff08\u77e5\u8bc6\u62d3\u5c55\uff09<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \u6709\u4e9b\u8bed\u8a00\uff08\u5982 C++ \/ JavaScript\uff09\u7528 const<\/code> \u6765\u8868\u793a\u300c\u4e0d\u53ef\u66f4\u6539\u300d\u3002Java \u9009\u62e9\u4e86 final<\/code> \u8fd9\u4e2a\u5173\u952e\u5b57\u6765\u505a\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u5728\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u662f\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\uff0c\u4f46 Java \u7684 final<\/code> \u8fd8\u80fd\u4fee\u9970\u7c7b\u548c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f C++ \u7684 const<\/code> \u505a\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \u7ed3\u8bed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n
          \u8fd9\u4e00\u7bc7\u6211\u4eec\u8bb2\u4e86\u65b9\u6cd5\u91cd\u5199\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u89c4\u5219\u3001\u4e0e\u91cd\u8f7d\u7684\u5bf9\u6bd4\u3001\u52a8\u6001\u7ed1\u5b9a\u7684\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca final<\/code> \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u5728\u7ee7\u627f\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u79cd\u4f7f\u7528\u573a\u666f\u3002\u91cd\u5199\u662f\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u591a\u6001\u7684\u57fa\u77f3\uff0c\u800c final \u662f Java \u7528\u6765\u63a7\u5236\u300c\u54ea\u91cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u53d8\u5316\uff0c\u54ea\u91cc\u5fc5\u987b\u56fa\u5b9a\u300d\u7684\u5173\u952e\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n
          \u4e0b\u4e00\u7bc7\u6211\u4eec\u5c06\u8fdb\u884c\u7ee7\u627f\u4e13\u9898\u7684\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u7bc7\u2014\u2014\u7ee7\u627f\u4f53\u7cfb\u8bbe\u8ba1\u5b9e\u6218<\/strong>\u3002\u4f1a\u7528\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u771f\u5b9e\u9879\u76ee\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u804a\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u539f\u5219\uff08\u91cc\u6c0f\u66ff\u6362\u539f\u5219\uff09\uff0c\u5e76\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8be5\u7528\u7ee7\u627f\u3001\u4ec0\u4e48\u65f6\u5019\u8be5\u7528\u7ec4\u5408\u3002\u656c\u8bf7\u671f\u5f85\uff01<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
          \u4e0a\u4e00\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u6211\u4eec\u6df1\u5165\u4e86 super \u5173\u952e\u5b57\u548c\u6784\u9020\u5668\u94fe\uff0c\u5728\u6700\u540e\u7684\u5b9e\u6218\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u770b\u5230\u4e86 @Override  […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[35,66],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-03-","category-02-inheritance"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssjava.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssjava.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssjava.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssjava.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssjava.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=257"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/ssjava.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/257\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":262,"href":"https:\/\/ssjava.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/257\/revisions\/262"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ssjava.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssjava.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ssjava.xyz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}